Factory Gate Pricing (FGP) Definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Factory Gate Pricing (FGP) Definition - Essay Example This essay stresses that since the business of groceries involves a variety of different skills at each level of the supply chain, FGPs can make value addition transparent and encourage channel members to specialize in the greater consumer benefit. Agriculturists should not have to worry about transport and logistics, and should focus on productivity and food safety instead. Recent incidences of mad cow disease and bid flu have put new premiums on growing technology. Concerns about chemical pollution also need dedicated attention. Farmers should have attractive FGPs for quality produce that meets specifications at affordable rates. Processing uses a completely different set of technologies. Processors need FGPs which encourage proper investments in dressing meat, removing harmful microbes and extending shelf-life. Processors may also contribute to visual appeal of grocery products through preservation techniques which retain original forms and qualities. Transportation and logistics are specialized areas of operational excellence which other members of the chain need not duplicate. Equitable and transparent FGPs will benefit all stakeholders involved with groceries. This paper declares that partners in the grocery supply chain who lack core competencies in Information Technology may face potential exclusion with the introduction of FGP. Participants and traders who do not have sophisticated product costing systems in place may lose many revenue opportunities by understating their FGPs. This is especially the case with agriculturists who may not have very detailed and accurate accounting systems. FGPs do exist in the grocery business already, but there is little transparency of how these price levels are fixed. They are also unrelated to value addition, and are influenced instead by negotiating leverage. This rarely operates in

Analyze the influences of internal politics in desired career path in Essay

Analyze the influences of internal politics in desired career path in criminal justice - Essay Example The only possible report to gather from jail, courtrooms and detectives will come from males. This will make the crime investigation findings biased. Second, the sheriff’s office does not have a crime scene department or even a trained person in the crime scene. This will affect the investigations since there is no one to combine forces with in the investigations. According to Braswell, 2008, since there is no crime scene unit, the findings from the investigations might look irrelevant to the office because even after the findings, there is no department that will seem interested with the findings. As an investigator, it is good to attend crime scene education training in order to work efficiently (Braswell, 2008). In the sheriff’s office, there is no one who attends continuing education training on crime scene investigation. This will affect the investigations since there will be no morale from coworkers to enhance crime scene investigation. Finally, for crime scene in vestigation to be successful there must be modern equipments to support the investigation (Braswell, 2008). In the sheriff’s office, there are no modern equipments supporting these investigations. This will influence the effectiveness of the investigations carried

Strategies of CSR in Business

Strategies of CSR in Business EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This is a business report submission of my Understanding of approaches to Business Management, strategic planning and Corporate Social Responsibility challenges in Micro, SMEs and Corporate Businesses or organisations. INTRODUCTION I would like to look into the definitions or meaning of sustainability in business, strategic planning and CSR, before I commence fully on this report. Strategic planning:-Its the concise and clear plan that is put in place for a business to achieve and meet its objectives and goals if the organisation wants to survive, succeed and thrive. Sustainability: according to (Cavusgil, 2017) Meeting humanitys needs without harming the future generations. Corporate Social Responsibility : definition hasnt been widely accepted according to (Godfrey and Hatch, 2007), but its definition simply is corporate social responsibility and this is not just limited to multinational companies but to micro, small medium sized enterprises as well, in that it has a responsibility to its stakeholders and shareholders in dealing with their needs in ensuring that trading is ethical and that employees have rights within the organisation, aiding the   the community as well is impacted positively   and that the environment is not negatively affected with their business dealings and no illegal dealings in their transactions but home and abroad. DIFFERENT APPROACHES OF MICRO, SMEs AND CORPORATE BUSINESS TO BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY According to (Eweje, 2014) findings   is that Multinational enterprise that are in operation in developing countries do contribute to job creation growth and development and poverty alleviation there, but when compared to developed countries they do not pay much attention to CSR and sustainability. In SMEs operations since they do not usually have enough capital and have fewer employees compared to corporate business enterprise, this makes them more adaptable in their business dealings and transactions either locally or internationally. Business plan so that they can achieve their goals e.g. in using the swot analysis by analysing situation internally which is the strength and weakness of the organisation and external analysis looking at the strength and weaknesses. Its through corporate governance that multinational companies ensure that corporate social responsibility, sustainability and strategic management are been undertaken. For Micro, SMEs and corporate Businesses, their approach to Corporate social responsibility is quite similar in that they ensure that the human rights of their employees are a priority, ensuring that employees do have a right to join any union, health and safety is been observed at workplace, also that there is no child labourer working for the organisation and that they do not contribute to global warming e.g. recycling,   no illegal dealings either nationally or internationally, and that they support poverty alleviation in developing countries. DIFFERENT TYPES OF STRATEGIES THAT BUSINESSES USE TO OPERATE IN AN ETHICAL AND SUSTAINABLE WAY When companies observe Corporate Social Responsibility and basically incorporate it into the daily culture of the organisation they are behaving in an ethical manner. When an organisation, firm or enterprise observe some of this practices such as ensuring that there is no water wastage by recycling it, clean water, minimises air pollution, reducing an organisations carbon footprint ensure health and safety at workplace, they are operating in a sustainable way that will lead them having a competitive advantage over other companies. Also they are operating strategically and in a sustainable way when a company looks for ways to ensure that it makes an impact in the community by creating jobs locally, probably in a community that it is obvious that it is disadvantaged. If it does not use children as staff i.e. child labour or does not do anything that might negatively impact the health and wellbeing of its worker, wages and salaries should be fair, recruitment as well should not be discriminating   a safe working environment, creating opportunities for career development or improving skills of employees, which will lead to employees been retained rather than looking for other job opportunities that will improve their prospects in the future, also providing benefits for those that will eventually retire, which will make employees have something to look forward to. Ensuring also that pollution is not an issue and that waste are been reduced in their manufacturing processes. HOW COCA COLA, ADNAMs AND SMEs IMPLEMENT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Coca cola implementing corporate social responsibility in India, according to (Vikalpa 2014, p.100) in summary, Coca-Cola in India   initiated   some steps   in   implementing   sustainability when there was scarcity of water in the region of Rajasthan,   they provided irrigation that led to the supply of water   to farmers   by doing this they   were able to provide water to the local communities , this action   enabled them to gain the confidence of the villagers   and the initially sceptical   eventually developed   trust in them   and also ended up cooperating with them. Coca cola invited the villagers and their leaders to come to the factory and see their water management processes, they used resources, labourer, contractors from the community and they ensured they were quite open in the use of the funds REFERENCES Cavusgil S Tamer, Knight G, Riesenberger John R. (2017) International business [electronic resource] : the new realities :Pearson, Global Edition, 4th Edition Eweje .Gabriel.(2014) Corporate social responsibility and sustainability [electronic resource] : emerging trends in developing economies   :Emerald Publishing,2014 Godfrey PC, Hatch NW.2007.Researching corporate social responsibility: An agenda for the 21st century.journal of business Ethics 70(1):87-98. Maria-Alejandra, Gonzalez-Perez and Liam Leonard.(2013) International business, sustainability and corporate social responsibility [electronic resource] : Emerald,2013 Paul J and Adrian Woods. (2001) Strategic Management: a fresh approach to developing skills, knowledge and creativity Chaklader B and Gautam N, 2014, Efficient Water Management through Public-Private Partnership Model: An Experiment in CSR by Coca-Cola India: Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision makers. Jan-Mar2014, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p97-104. 8p.

Inner Vision: an Exploration of Art and the Brain, by Semir Zeki Essay

Inner Vision: an Exploration of Art and the Brain, by Semir Zeki Is artistic expression intertwined with the inner workings of the brain more than we would ever have imagined? Author and cognitive neuroscientist Semir Zeki certainly thinks so. Zeki is a leading authority on the research surrounding the "visual brain". In his book Inner Vision, he ventures to explain to the reader how our brain actually perceives different works of art, and seeks to provide a biological basis for the theory of aesthetics. With careful attention to details and organization, he manages to explain the brain anatomy and physiology involved when viewing different works of art without sounding impossibly complicated – a definite plus for scientists and non-scientists alike who are interested in the topic of art and the brain. Throughout the book, Zeki supports his arguments by presenting various research experiments, brain image scans, and plenty of relevant artwork to clarify everything described in the text. By mostly focusing on modern masterpieces (which include Vermeer, Michelangelo, Mondrian, kinetic, abstract, and representational art), he convincingly explains how the color, motion, boundaries, and shapes of these unique works of art are each received by specific pathways and systems in the brain that are specially designed to interpret each of these particular aspects of the art, as opposed to a single pathway interpreting all of the visual input. The subject matter that Zeki approaches here is no easy topic to clearly explain to others, especially since a whole lot remains to be discovered in the field itself. Yet Zeki does a superb job of explaining. In my neurobiology class, I recently learned that if we bang our arm or rub... ... Overall, I think that the book is deeply intriguing and engaging – it draws the reader in so intensely that she cannot break free until she reads the very last page. Zeki manages to bring to light so many new ideas about the visual brain. He takes what little we do know about the brain and distinguishes myth from fact. It is interesting to note how much of the book is really just hypothetical guesses proposed by Zeki, since there is still so much about the physiological workings of the brain that we have yet to discover. Nevertheless, I found it fun to read the book and compare the known facts to the theories and make guesses as to what might actually be found to be true someday. This is a most delightful book, and I highly recommend it to anyone who has even the slightest interest in uncovering the mysterious links that exist between the brain and visual art.

How did war world 1 impact women Essay

There are all types of information including lesson plans, articles and news. BBC origin is a British Broadcasting Corporation. Established in 1922,London. The founders of BBC are John Reith and George Villers. BBC purpose is to â€Å"enrich peopleÊ ¼s lives with programs and services that inform, educate and entertain.† The values of the source are that it has beneï ¬ ts of hindsight; this is because they wrote this a long time after the event, which makes them less likely to have strong emotions that will make them biased. The source was written long after the event, so it has a greater ability to see turning points/ key events. This source has credibility, because it was written by academic authority. The limitation of the source is that it is not ï ¬ rst hand, meaning that facts could be changed or interpreted differently over time. This source might be biased because it is British. It might take their side. In my opinion overall BBC is a trustworthy source. Notes Beyond Domestic Services: -WWI changed the role of women politically and economically. -WWI gave women bigger opportunities in paying jobs. -Around two million women took over menÊ ¼s jobs – The War left women with a a wide range of jobs that were not available to them before and different jobs opportunities in different ï ¬ elds – â€Å"The war revolutionised the industrial position of women – it found them serfs and left them free.† Said the founder of Cambridge College in 1918 – The war changed women’s roles in factories. It gave women job opportunities which was not available before. Summary: WW1 affected women in the home front because it gave women an opportunity to prove themselves in a male role, doing more than house work and caring for their family. How did war world 1 impact women at the home front during the war? Sources Book: The us borne introduction to ï ¬ rst war world (December,6,12) O.P.V.L â€Å"The Usborne Introduction to ï ¬ rst World War† book is a reliable source because it is a book which provides detailed information and published works of the ï ¬ rst world war. The origin is Great Britain, published in 2007. The authors of the book are Ruth Brocklehurst and Henry Brook. The purpose of  the book is to â€Å"provide a fascinating and detailed introduction to the First World War. It also includes a selection of recommended websites to take readers even further, with ï ¬ lm footage, photographs and eyewitness accounts.† The value of the source is hindsight; this is because they wrote this a long time after the event, which makes them less likely to have strong emotions that will make them bias. The source was written long after the event, it has a grater ability to see turning points/ key eve nt. This source has credibility, because it was written by academic authority. The source is published, meaning that it was checked for accuracy many times. The limitation of the source is that the source is not ï ¬ rst hand, meaning that facts could be changed or interpreted differently over time. This source might be biased, because it is a british book. In conclusion this is a reliable source because it is a published book. Even though it may be biased it has facts that need to be edited. Notes Women into work -Before the war, jobs were available to to women, but they were limited (e.g. domestic work). -Before the war most were expected to watch over their family -In beginning of war, women were mostly involved in in charity work (e.g. making bandages and socks to send to the soldiers). -The war created many new jobs, keeping the soldiers supplied with basic needs. -Government used many posters to persuade women of all ages and classes to help out in the war and factories. -Millions of women helped out -Women operated telephones exchange, drove busses, worked agriculture and even worked dangerous, heavy jobs (e.g. mining, shipbuilding and packing explosives shells.) Summary WW1 affected women in the home front because women replaced men jobs, they helped in any area they could, from sending the soldiers basic needs to working dangerous jobs. How did war world 1 impact women at the home front during the war? Sources http://www.nls.uk/ learning-zone/history/ themes-in-focus/womenin-the-great-war (december 7,12) O.P.V.L NlS (national library of Scotland) is a reliable source because it is a library with information for educators and others. NIS origin is a library established in 1880s in Britain. NIS is a government funded organization. NIS purpose is to give educators and others a verity of resources and information. The values of the source is, The source has beneï ¬ ts of hindsight; this is because they  wrote this a long time after the event, which makes them less likely to have strong emotions that will make them biased. The source was written long after the event, it has a grater ability to see turning points/ key event. This source has credibility, because it was written by academic authority. The limitation of the source is that it is not ï ¬ rst hand, meaning that facts could be changed or interpreted differently over time. This source might be bias, because it is a british government funded organization, the government might want good things to be said. In my option overall TIS is a trustworthy source because it is government funded, meaning information is checked. Notes Women at work -During the ï ¬ rst year of the war, there was a lot of unemployment. -Women now took over menÊ ¼s jobs. -Even though women enjoyed working and earning money on their own, life for them was not easy. -Women worked long hours, plus they had to care for their children Summary: WW1 affected women in the home front because it changed the role of women, it changed the daily lives of women, and how the society looked at womenÊ ¼s roles in general. How did war world 1 impact women at the home front during the war? Sources http:// www.nationalarchives.go v.uk/education/ homefront/women/ factories/default.htm (December,11,12) O.P.V.L The National Archives, is a reliable source because it is a source which provides detailed information and reliable government sources. The origin is Great Britain, published in 2006. The purpose of the source is to â€Å"Provide many resources and documents for members of the public as well as professionals.† The value of the source is hindsight; this is because they wrote this a long time after the event, which makes them less likely to have strong emotions that will make them biased. The source was written long after the event, it has a greater ability to see turning points/ key event. This source has credibility because it was written by academic authority (government library). The source is published, meaning that it was checked for accuracy many times. The limitation of the source is that the source is not ï ¬ rst hand meaning that facts could be changed or interpreted differently over time. This source might be bias, because it is a british online library, the sources in the library might take sides. Overall this source is reliable because it has a wide range of government supported sources. Notes -Although women worked  in factories before. There was a big increases when the war started. -When men were called to the home front women were there to replace them. -Women did many different kinds of work. -they worked in the chemical and explosive industry,made shells and bombs, electrical cable and wire, uniforms, clothing etc.. -Around 7 million women were employed during the war. -Many women never worked before and had to learn how to cope with it all. (e.x. coping with working and taking care of their family) -Some had to travel far to work. -Some had to work part time so they could look after their children. -Some work for women was dangerous and risky. Summary: WW1 affected women in the home front because it gave women a change to showed a different side of women (e.g. how they are able to work and balance life.) Reï ¬â€šection on action plan: I thought I did a overall good job on my reï ¬â€šection plan. I thought I organized my reï ¬â€šection plan well. I like how I colored coded the plan and added check boxes next to the task. This helped me to stay organized and to see my progress. I thought overall I did a good job with keeping up with my reï ¬â€šection plan. Except for 2 days where I did not complete the OPVl. But ended up completing them the next couple of days. I think the action plan did help me with this task. It kept me organized and on task.

Criminal justice Essay

Luqman Rohaizat (5 Omega 2009) At first thought, caning may seem like an inhumane punishment for students, who are not yet fully matured in their thinking, and are still learning along the way. â€Å"It just hurts them, physically and emotionally, without doing anything else† I hear concerned parents say. But then again, is there a more effective way to punish and control students? Moreover, nowadays there seems to be a noticeable rise in disciplinary problems involving students in schools nationwide. We need to find an explanation for this rise in disciplinary problems, in order to find the ideal solution for the problem. By my knowledge, we can clearly relate the rise in disciplinary problems with the withdrawal of caning, or any sort of physically inflicted pain, as a punishment for students. What I mean is, when students don’t get punished, they will get into more trouble in the future. Based on this, I fully agree that caning is an effective way to punish students. This is where caning can be part of the solution. Please, let me explain. Students get into trouble because it is their nature to make lots of mistakes and learn through them. Yes, they learn new and important things in life through mistakes. It is okay to make one or two mistakes once in a while, but when a student gets into trouble, or keeps repeating the same mistakes one too many times, this indicates a problem. Maybe the student does not realize that he is causing trouble, or hurting other people. For all we know he might even be enjoying causing trouble. If this student is not punished, he is certain to do more harm again, and this is not good for everybody. As a solution, caning will make the student realize that what he is doing is wrong, and that he should never make this mistake again. As you can see, caning becomes part of the long-term solution to shape a student’s thinking pattern, for the benefit of himself. Another thing to consider is that because of the withdrawal of caning as a punishment for students, our students’ respect for their teachers and their school has dwindled. Respect is an important virtue for every student, and if the student does not develop the value of respect within himself, he will never succeed in life. Nowadays, students are becoming more and more outrageous, with cases ranging from stealing and smoking to doing drugs, or even sexual crimes. It seems that this younger generation has lost respect and fear of their teachers, parents, and has no sort of shame at all for that matter. The only way to instill fear and respect in these students for their teachers is by giving teachers the responsibility of caning troubled students. Through caning, these students will learn the consequences of their crimes and avoid negative behavior. Hurting the students a little bit is for their own good, and is a low price to pay compared to a jeopardized future. Nonetheless, caning is an effective tool to improve students’ discipline, if and only if it is done the right way, taking the necessary precautions and steps. Caning will not achieve the desired results, if done without thought and order. Teacher cannot cane students just because they feel like doing so. What is the benefit in that? In my opinion, only certain teachers should uphold the responsibility of caning students. It would be best if the responsibility is given to the disciplinary teachers of the school. It is in their field to punish students, and disciplinary teachers are the best people for the job. If a student gets into serious trouble, he or she would be sent to the disciplinary teacher’s office, for a session of caning. May I add that even though students are fully matured in their thinking and behaviour, they are still fully able to think rationally. Thus, teachers must deal with students in a professional manner, and not treat them like little children. They should be told the troubles they have caused, and why they deserve to be caned for them. We should make the student understand the punishment they have received, so they will not repeat it. Public caning, especially during assemblies, is strictly prohibited, as humiliation will not do any good to students. Caning can be a solution, if done correctly and with reason. In short, I think that caning should be fully allowed in schools, with the necessary precautions applied, for the benefit of everybody. Caning, as a punishment, is effective, keeps troubles away, and is for the students’ long term benefit. Besides, getting the cane once or twice never hurt our parents. You’ll feel like a hero, stepping out of the Discipline teacher’s office. Catatan Web Admin: Esei ini merupakan sumbangan penulis untuk Majalah Darulaman. Terima kasih kepada Cikgu Osmadosnani Mat Lazim (Setiausaha JK Penerbitan KSAH) yang mengusahakan sehingga esei ini dapat dimuat naik di laman web KSAH. (upload : 05/06/12).

The History of Public Relations

The History of Public Relations The history of public relations dates back to the revolutionary war in the history of the United States. This was a component of great significance to the development of public relations. Another great input to the development of public relations came from the Creel Committee that was in place during the First World War.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Public Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Edward L. Barneys who was a committee member and was later considered by many as the father of public relations. He was part of an intensive verbal and written communications in an effort to gain support for the war. This was rather unusual as information was first time used as weapon of war (Litwin, 2000, 2). There have been a number of personalities who have contributed to the development of public relations. These persons include Ivy Lee who has also been referred by many as the father of publ ic relations. He is known for promoting the slogan ‘’ The public must be informed always’’. Edward Barney was the first to teach a public relations course at the NYU in 1923. Doris Fleisch, the wife of Edward Barney, made great contributions to the industry by encouraging the entry of women into the industry (Letwin, 2000, 2). Public relations can be defined as a function of management that helps to establish and maintain mutual lines of communication between an organisation and the public (Watson, 2002, 2). It involves the cultivating of favourable relations for corporate and its products and public perception. Public relations as an industry is a very complex one involving aspects of detailed research, publicity exercises, aspects of strategic management, development fundraising, management of emerging issues, member or employee relations, organisation of special events and the participation of the public ( Seitel, 2011, 20). An organisation in todayâ₠¬â„¢s business world cannot operate in a vacuum. Maintaining a favourable relationship with the communities in which the organisation works in is crucial. A company that engages in public relations has a lot to gain. For instance, it is a form of promotion that is held in high regard. A company that engages in public relations ensures that the targeted market gets adequate information than would be offered in any other form of promotion (Information centre, 2009, 2). Tobacco Companies Public Relations Tobacco companies in the United States seem to have engaged in a series of   corporate sponsorship and advertising initiatives. These are aimed direct at the sale of tobacco product. The intention of these drives was to cultivate a favourable image in the eyes of the public and especially to the consumers and to the society in general.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re Following the Master Settlement agreement of 1988 corporate public relations has become of an increasing importance to Tobacco companies not just in America but in the world over (cancer control center, 2010, 179). These companies are interested in influencing public perception to their advantage as well as encourage public interest in the companies’ operations. This helps to increase corporate brand visibility among the targeted consumers and to the market at large. Corporate social responsibility as a strategy by the tobacco companies involve a number of initiatives. These initiatives include involvement in activities where communities are set to benefit, donating to a worthy cause, as well as supporting causes for the minority. This in today’s world has been referred to as ‘’Corporate Social Conscience’’ (Litwin, 2000, 4). Websites of these tobacco companies intentionally seek to address a number of issues with regard to corpora te social responsibility. In the marketplace today, companies that intend to stay in business and make profits should realize that public relations is a necessity. Corporate advertising for the tobacco industry has been practiced for many years although in the recent past corporate image campaigns have been integrated more extensively (Watson, 2002, 3). In October of 1999, Philip Morris, a tobacco company in the United States of America, began its first campaign with the slogan ‘’Working to make a difference. The people of Philip Morris’’. This initiative portrayed the company as one that provides contributions for a big cause to community based organisations and also portrayed the image of a company that puts in an extra measure to stop the sale of cigarettes to the underage (Litwin, 2000, 4). In  2003 the company directed the public to its website on information about preventing smoking in minors, the effects of smoking and help for those who wanted to drop the habit  Corporate advertising has   been used increasingly   by  Philip Morris than another competitor, Marlboro. In the recent past, there has been a call for increased research with more insight with regard to the public image of tobacco companies. A  number of issues   have to be addressed that includes:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Public Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Improving of public perception of tobacco companies Effects o corporate social responsibility on the jury perceptions Effects on the sales of quitting tobacco products based on the public’s perception Public Perception of Tobacco Companies In the past, the public has had a negative attitude towards the tobacco industry, although after a close analysis the public opinion of individual Tobacco companies is not a uniform one with all the players in the industry. The four largest cig arette manufacturers in the United States include Philip Morris, R.J Reynolds, the Lonllard company and the famous Liggett Group. Very few Americans can directly link the companies to their products in the market. Litigation that is continually increasing in the last couple of years this coupled with the general negative attitude by the public towards the tobacco industry players. This is a challenge that the industry players have to deal with. A number of multibillion lawsuits have been filed against these companies that has led to a dent in the effort to change the public’s attitude towards the companies (cancer control center, 2010, 182). In general, the public tend to develop a negative attitude towards these companies and see the companies as providing the public with wrong information about their products.  This has been due to the lack of awareness by the public in general, about the tobacco industry players and linking one company to its products in the market (Canc er control centre, 2010, 183). Jurors have in the past slapped tobacco companies with damages awards that has affected the performance of the companies and also damaged its reputation. With this background of this, unfavorable aspects of the industry corporate have sought to build a corporate brand image. This is an effort to strengthen as well as to influence the corporate image through the eyes of the public. In order to achieve   this a number of tools that have to be used, which includes press releases, events sponsorship, lobbying, public interest activities and media, releases. Using market media to not only promote positive image of the product but to also enhance and seek to improve the corporate image. Corporate Sponsorship Sponsoring social causes such as sports events, arts exhibitions and galleries, entertainment events and so on is a communication tool often used by corporate   world over. This is often referred to as event marketing used by corporate to build brand equity. Companies invest in this initiatives to increase brand equity. Sponsorship as a tool for communication is generally perceived by the public favourably especially in relation to the product. In the last couple of years, tobacco companies have spent millions of dollars to sponsor social causes in an effort to build brand equity. Corporate  sponsorship is encouraged as companies believe that:Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The public is encouraged to show interest in the company as well as the company’s products Promote  beneficial associations with other companies as well The public can identify a company and the company’s products in the market, for a tobacco company, the company’s name is popularized amongst among those in attendance Strengthen the corporate entity as being identified with a particular market The public perceives the company as being aware of social issues affecting communities Companies have a forum to provide support for community development. Corporate sponsorship increase opportunities to promote the companies products Generate exposure by the events being covered by the media, which indeed leads to an even larger audience beyond only those who attended the sponsored event (Cancer control centre, 2010, 185). Corporate brand image association are strengthened when corporate openly engage the public by sponsoring social events. In the past decade, tobacco company sponsorship has been in the interest of educational youth programs and community events. Tobacco Companies Sponsorship and Consumers Attitudes Corporate sponsorship especially tobacco companies, has been an interest of many researchers. It has been discovered that sponsorship in other related industries has had the effect of creating a positive feedback in relation to consumer trends. Social responsibility gives a company a competitive edge because of its good reputation in the eyes of the public (cancer control centre, 2010, 187). This has been used in many markets to set companies apart. Once the public views the public as a pioneer and a trendsetter in its social responsibility policies and this is integrated in the company’s marketing strategy it works in the company’s favor. Just as corporate social responsibility is viewed as a positive thing for a company, the reverse has the opposite effect. Tobacco companies face the challenge that some organisations do not wish to be associated with them. Such organisations cite two reasons: one, the companies would not want to be associated with a tobacco company because it is perceived to undermine its objective to improve overall general health. Two, the organisations are concerned about their reputation if it is involved publicly with a tobacco company will damage the organisations reputation. Corporate Advertising In an effort to improve, the company’s image companies engage in corporate advertising. Unlike corporate sponsorship, corporate advertising aims to enhance the company’s reputation as a great law abiding citizen, influence public opinion of the organisation (Cancer control centre, 2010, 189). This takes the approach of a clear and well directed persuasive deal that intend to show that sponsorship is positively but it affect the public at large. Indirect advocacy employed in corporate advertising and seeks to characterize the organisation as one that is serving publi c interest and its activities are aimed at providing solutions. Various campaigns of tobacco companies such as youth smoking advertisement ( Cancer controls centre, 2010, 192). Conclusion Public relations as a function of management is an important component of any company that seeks to stay in business in today’s market. Public relation as a discipline is continually evolving and shaping the face of corporate America. References Cancer Control Centre. (2010). Tobacco companies’ Public Relations Efforts:  Corporate Sponsorship and Advertising. P. 172_189. Information centre. (2009).  History of Public Relations. Web. Litwin, L. (2002).  The Practice of Public Relations. Web. Seitel, F. P. (2010).  The Practice of Public Relations: New Jersey. Prentice Hall-Pearson. Watson, T. (2002).  History of public Relations. Web.