The Devastation of World War I - 1000 Words

World War One was the most devastating war in history. It was fought between two sides, the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. The Allied Powers consisted of 3 main countries, Great Britain, France, and Russia. Later on in the war, Italy joined the Allied Powers. The Central Powers consisted of 4 main countries, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey. Later on Japan joined the Central Powers. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, was emperor of Austria-Hungary, was the spark to start the war. Francis Ferdinand was going to Sarajevo, Bosnia for a parade. He had brushed off warnings about his presence not being welcomed, and went anyways. Six young men, members of the terrorist organization the Black Hand, were given a mission to to kill the Archduke. The assassination made Austrian officials believe that war was necessary to stop Serbias ambitions. Although most of Austrias closest allies felt that same way Austria did, some feared that the Austrian war against Serbia would set off an extremely deadly chain reaction. The war would pull in other nations, such as Serbias ally, Russia. Great Britain and France were the leading colonial powers, they ruled much of the world beyond Europes seas. The German Empire had become the most powerful nation on the continent of Europe, with its dynamic economy and industrial power. Germany wanted badly to be recognized as a world power and European power, so she wanted to extend her influence in the very littleShow MoreRelatedBlood Diamond - Film Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesI agree with this view because key ideas are an important part of a film to make it more interesting for the audience. In the film Blood Diamond directed by Edward Zwick some of the key ideas are: What is valuable and important, the devastation of war and exploitation of people and resources. 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This divergent ideology was responsibleRead MoreSlaughterhouse 5 by Kurt Vennegut1284 Words   |  6 Pages– The devastation caused by war in Slaughterhouse five Slaughterhouse Five is an anti-war novel by Kurt Vonnegut (November 11, 1922 – April 11, 2007), one of the most inspirational twentieth century American writers. This book is unique in the fact that it can be classified as historical fiction, science fiction and an autobiography (certain parts of the protagonist’s life are similar to Vonnegut’s life) at the same time. Slaughterhouse Five follows the life and journeys of Billy Pilgrim, the main

Caloric Content of Food Free Essays

Ocean County College Department of Chemistry [Caloric Content of Food] Submitted by Jamie Kaiser Date Submitted:  Ã‚  Ã‚  10/2/12 Date Performed:  Ã‚  10/2/12 Lab Section: Chem-180 Course Instructor:  Bassa Purpose The purpose of the experiment was to take foods and to find out the energy content of the foods that we are experimenting with. By hands on burning or the food and taking the date that we find and putting it into equations to find what is needed. Procedure After organizing all the equipment necessary to perform the lab correctly and safety, I placed the empty beaker on to the scale and recorded the weight. We will write a custom essay sample on Caloric Content of Food or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then I filled the beaker with 50 ml of water and measured it and recorded my results. I then place the beaker onto the burner stand. I took the temperature of the water before heating it up. I first started with the marshmallow. I put the marshmallow onto the fork and measured its weight. Then I lit the marshmallow on fire and place it under the beaker. After the flame was extinguished I measure the temperature of the water and recorded it. I then place the remains of the marshmallow and fork onto the scale and recorded my findings. I proceeded to do the same thing with a walnut and then with a potato trip and recording the results of each. Observations and Results Data Table 1: Food Item – Observations| Food Item Description:| Marshmallow| Walnut| Potato Chip| Mass of food amp; holder – initial| 40. 4g| 18. 3 g| 16g| Mass of food amp; holder – final| 38. 8g| 16. 3g| 13. 5g| Mass of food burnt| 1. 6g| 2g| 2. 5g| Mass of beaker| 66. 5g| 66. 4g| 66. 5g| Mass of beaker amp; water| 107. 2g| 108. 2g| 108. 2g| Mass of water| 40. 7g| 41. 8g| 41. 7g| Water temp. – initial| 23 degrees C| 22 degrees C| 22 degrees C| Water temp. – final| 31 degrees C| 72 degrees C| 32 degrees C| Delta T (oC change)| 8 degrees C| 50 degrees C| 10 degrees C| Conclusions From the hands on experience of doing this experiment, I have been able to better understand the formula to find the energy release per gram and to properly put the information into the equation. I now have a better understanding of calorimetry and how different products vary in caloric content. References 1. 1. Hands-On Labs, Inc. (2012). General College Chemistry : Physical and Chemical Properties. (Manual page 94-100) Questions A. Which of the foods tested contains the most energy per gram? The potato chip B. How do your experimental results compare to published values? Considering the only published value that I experimented with was the marshmallow, I would have to say my results were above average. C. What type of reaction is used in calorimetry? Combustion reaction D. What are the products of the reactions? Carbon dioxide and water E. Where did the products go? Into the air, a part of the atmosphere F. A student performing an experiment to determine the caloric content of a cashew nut collected the following data: ?Mass of cashew nut before burning: 0. 55 g ?After burning: 0. 05 g ?Temp. increase of 200 g of water: 7. 0 oC 1. Calculate the total energy released by the combustion of the cashew nut by using the water temp. increase, the mass of the water and specific heat capacity of water. 58576 Joules. Using the equation Q= delta t x m x cp 2. Calculate the energy released per gram of cashew nut consumed in the reaction. 58576 Joules/0. 55g = 106502/4. 184= 25455= 2. 5 Cal 3. Using the following standards (carbohydrates (4 Cal/g), protein (4 Cal/g), and fats 9 Cal/g), determine the caloric content of a bag of your favorite snack food. Special K cracker chips Carb = 92 Protein= 8 Fats = 22. 5 How to cite Caloric Content of Food, Papers Caloric Content of Food Free Essays Department of Chemistry Caloric Content of Food Date Submitted: April 1, 2012 Date Performed: April 1, 2012 Lab Section: Chem-180-DL1 Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to measure the energy content of three different food items using the change in water temperatures from the heat of the food. Another purpose was to take the information acquired and become familiar with energy units used in food such as calories and joules. Procedure: The first step in this experiment was to weigh and record an empty 100mL beaker. We will write a custom essay sample on Caloric Content of Food or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then fill the beaker approximately halfway, weigh it and record the weight. Record the weight of the water in the beaker. Place a piece of aluminum foil on a table top. Place a wire burner stand with the beaker full of water in the center of the aluminum foil and place a candle next to the rack. Measure the weight of one marshmallow and the weight of one fork. Record both measurements. Then place the marshmallow on the fork measure and record the weight of the marshmallow and fork together. That weight should equal the measurements of the fork and marshmallow combined in the previous measurement. Measure and record the temperature of the water in Celsius and record it. Light a candle. Put the fork with the marshmallow over the candle flame. Remove the marshmallow from the flame right after it sets on fire and place it under the beaker of water. Hold it under the water until it is completely done burning. Make sure to stir the water frequently with the thermometer. When the marshmallow has burned down as much as possible, remove from under water and record the temp of the water. Then record the weight of the fork with leftover marshmallow on it. Subtract that measurement from the previous measurement of the fork with pre-burned marshmallow. Record the measurement of the marshmallow residue. Clean out the beaker of water and repeat experiment with two other foods. Pick the appropriate tools to hold the food over an open flame. Make sure to clean out beaker and reweigh before each experiment. Experimental Results Discussion of Observations Table 1 Food ItemMarshmallowPeanutPotato chip Initial Mass of food holder43g27. 5g27. 9g Final Mass of food and holder41g26. 5g26. 8g Mass of food burnt1. 0g0. 0g0. 3g Mass of beaker51. 5g51. 5g51. 5g Mass of beaker and water102. 3g95. 7g94. 5g Mass of water50. g44. 2g43. 0g Initial water temperature250C190C190C Final water temperature350C470C360C Delta T (0C change)100C280C170C Marshmallow 1063J/g = 254 calories = . 254 Cal/g Peanut 5178J/g = 1238 calories = 1. 2 Cal/g Potato chip 2040J/g = 488 calories = . 49 Cal/g Additional Questions 1. Read p. 244 or section 8. 3 of your textbook, then explain the type of reaction must have taken place in your calorimeter. A combustion reaction m ust have happened. The food turned into a gas and reacted to oxygen. 2. What were the reactants of this reaction? What were the products? The reactants were the cooked foods and the products were the energy and heat. 3. Where did the products go? The products or food mixed into the air and created a smoke and odor that was released. 4. Where are the potential areas for error in this experiment? This question is referring to errors inherent to the experiment, not the experimenter’s mistakes or lack of skills. Errors could be different products used, time to bring the products to a flame and put under the beaker which would cause a different temperature change in beaker from initial to final. How to cite Caloric Content of Food, Essay examples

Risk Analysis in Engineering and Economics †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Risk Analysis in Engineering and Economics. Answer: Introduction: All over the world, accounting is considered as one of the major professions. Accounting is a type of profession where a person performs different kinds of accounting functions in the business organizations like the preparation and analysis of financial statements, performing the audit operations and others (Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik 2015). Thus, it can be said that the accountants are majorly responsible for all the accounting related works in the companies. On the other hand, it needs to be mentioned that risk and return are two of the major factors in the accounting activities of the companies. Risks refer to the particular chance that an investor takes to gain a certain amount of return (Baron et al. 2016). In order to take high return, an investor has to take high risks and vice versa. Thus, it can be observed that there is a positive relation between the risk and return. In this case, I would like to mention that I am planning to be an accountant in the future. The above disc ussion denotes the fact that risk and return are important factors in the profession of accounting. The reason is that the accountants have the responsibility to take effective measures and to provide risk and return related information for the effective management of organizational risks and returns (Penman and Zhu 2014). Hence, it can be said that there are some major reasons behind learning about the concepts of risk and return. All these major issues are discusses below. As per the earlier discussion, it can be seen that risk and return are two of the major factors in accounting. In order to establish the connection among risk, return and accounting, the concept of scenario analysis needs to be analyzed. The concept of scenario analysis involves the development of descriptive models regarding the risk and return of the companies. Thus, it can be said that the concept of scenario analysis includes the concepts of risk and return of the business organizations (Kaplan and Mikes 2012). In the process of scenario analysis of risk and return, the organizational accountants play important role. In the process of managing the risk and return of the companies, the accountants play important role by providing high-quality information along with explicit understanding about the risk and return of the company. At the time of doing the jobs, organizational accountants have the access over important accounting as well as financial information. At the time of manag ing the risks and returns of the companies, this accounting and financial information helps in the prediction of future trends (Ayyub 2014). It needs to be mentioned that the effective management of risk and return helps in the optimal management of resources of the company. Hence, the above discussion shows that the process of risk and return management requires important accounting information and the accountants are the one who provide this accounting information. From this, I have come to know the fact that in order to assist in the risk and return management, it is needed for me to study the details about risk and return. In this regard, it needs to be mentioned that management of risk and return has connection with the internal control of the organizations. The reason is that effective internal control of the companies help to reduce the financial risk and helps to increase the amount of various financial returns (Vijayakumar and Nagaraja 2012). In this case, it needs to be mentioned that organizational accountants are responsible for the implementation of effective internal control of the companies. On a more precise note, it has been seen that lead accounting managers and accounting professionals play a vital part to design, plan, implement, executive and monitor the risk management activities and programs of the companies. Thus, accounting managers and professionals play important part in the management of risk and return of the companies. In addition, in the business organizations, it has been seen that it is the responsibility of the organizational accountants to arrange and conduct necessary tr aining programs for the employees in order to become familiar with various organizational risk factors in the companies (Skaife, Veenman and Wangerin 2013). On the other hand, it is responsibility of the lead accountants of the companies to take into consideration the major risk factors for the decision-making process. In this particular way, the accountants of the companies play an important part in the strategic management of the companies (Munsif, Raghunandan and Rama 2012). Thus, it can be seen that in order to take part in the above-mentioned organizational activities, the accounting professionals of the companies need to have sufficient knowledge about concepts of risk and return. From the above discussion, I have come to know that there is a crucial connection between risks and return management and accounting profession. The above discussion denotes the fact that the organizational accounts provide the risk and return management team with important and high-quality accounting and financial information so that they can be used for minimizing the risks. It needs to be mentioned that without the presence of enough knowledge about risk and return, the accountant will not be able to provide specific accounting information to them. Another major factor that can be seen from the above discussion that the accountants play an important part in the internal control of the companies and internal control helps to manage risks and returns. For this purpose also, without the knowledge of risk and return, the accountants will not be able to contribute towards the development of internal control of the companies. Thus, from the whole discussion, I have concluded that it is utterly important for the accountants to have enough knowledge about the concept of risk and return. With the help of this knowledge, the accountants become able to identify specific risk factors in the companies. After the identification of the specific risk factors, the organizational accounts become able to provide specific accounting information based on the requirements of specific situations. In addition, knowledge about risk and return factors makes the accountants able to better contribute towards the effectiveness of internal control. For all these reasons, it is important for me to learn about risk and returns. References Ayyub, B.M., 2014.Risk analysis in engineering and economics. CRC Press. Baron, M.D., Brogaard, J., Hagstrmer, B. and Kirilenko, A.A., 2016. Risk and return in high-frequency trading. Hoyle, J.B., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T., 2015.Advanced accounting. McGraw Hill. Kaplan, R.S. and Mikes, A., 2012. Managing risks: a new framework. Munsif, V., Raghunandan, K. and Rama, D.V., 2012. Internal control reporting and audit report lags: Further evidence.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(3), pp.203-218. Penman, S.H. and Zhu, J.L., 2014. Accounting anomalies, risk, and return.The Accounting Review,89(5), pp.1835-1866. Skaife, H.A., Veenman, D. and Wangerin, D., 2013. Internal control over financial reporting and managerial rent extraction: Evidence from the profitability of insider trading.Journal of Accounting and Economics,55(1), pp.91-110. Vijayakumar, A.N. and Nagaraja, N., 2012. Internal Control Systems: Effectiveness of Internal Audit in Risk Management at Public Sector Enterprises.BVIMR Management Edge,5(1).

Nature Essay Example Essay Example

Nature Essay Example Paper Nature Essay Introduction Nature Essay Body Paragraphs Nature Nature has always been a force to reckon with because of the power it has to either create or destroy. Despite humans being ecologically dominant in the world, their survival has always been connected to nature. This connection originates from the interaction that humans have with nature, which constantly surrounds them. For instance, humans need air, water and food for their survival. All these factors are part of nature, and it is because of this fact that it is crucial for man to attempt and understand his natural surroundings. The understanding of nature is beneficial because it enables one to gain an understanding of one’s self and the dynamics of human society. Nonetheless, a conflict usually arises among freethinkers when the power of nature over man is questioned. However, historical events often suggest that it is impossible for man to conquer nature. The book Into the Wild by John Krauker is a perfect example of the man vs. nature conflict. The book is based o n the account of Chris McCandless life and death as he attempted to conquer nature. It highlights the story of a 24-year-old college graduate who after renouncing most of his possessions including his vehicle and life savings, decides to explore nature and the experiences it presents. He sets out from home leaving his family behind to accomplish his quest, which was inspired by his heroes Jack London and John Muir. This book attempts to analyze the relationship between man and nature by following the trail left behind by Chris McCandless during his adventure while putting emphasis on his tragic death. While this book is a good literal material, its analysis is relevant in revealing the power of nature and its relation to the survival of man. In the book Into the Wild by John Krauker, Chris McCandless has an interesting relationship with nature. His interpretation of nature conceives society as not part of nature. The separation of society from nature in his mind is evident when he d ecides to live in the wilderness because of his contempt towards the society, which had caused him too much pain and disgust. He believes that nature is a different entity as compared to society. It is because of this reason that he sees the decision to seclude himself from society as an action that will give him the self-awareness and social progress that is lacking in the confines of society. To him, nature is a retreat that has already been explored by denouncers of the society like Henry David Thoreau and John Muir. In addition, Chris McCandless is in constant conflict with himself on whether he can conquer nature. It is evident from the beginning of the book that Chris McCandless had the urge to prove to himself that he had power over nature. It is partly because of this unsettling urge that he decides to live in the wilderness. However, through out history nature has always bested man except for isolated cases where man chose to work according to the fundamental principles of nature. This is evident in the book when he changes his ideology and decides that nature is only a refuge for a short while and that true happiness can only be shared. This change of mindset by Chris McCandless shows how his relationship with nature had evolved since he first set foot into the wild. Apparently, he seems to agree with the fact that nature is a dominant force that has power over man. One dominant perception about nature in the book â€Å"Into the Wild† is that nature is neither benevolent nor nurturing. This is a fact that is in perfect agreement with reality with an exception of isolated cases. It is well known that nature’s principle of natural cause and effect can work against man or for man depending on the circumstances presented by a situation. A majority of people share the misconception that nature is kind and caring but only because they have no first hand experience of life in the wilderness. Life in the wilderness can be chaotic and threatenin g to human beings especially if the human being is isolated from the society. This is because nature is composed of uncontrollable and powerful forces that often create an environment that reduces the odds that favor human survival. These forces include weather, natural calamities and the environments natural inhabitants like disease causing microorganisms. In the book, certain instances clearly elaborate on the harshness of nature to man. When Chris McCandless first comes up with the idea of retreating to the wild, his views towards nature are of positive form. He sees the wilderness as an environment that is pure and free from the evils that are present in the modern society. However, as the tale unravels in the subsequent chapters, the true nature of the wilderness is revealed. In October 1990, Chris McCandless encounters a flash flood while driving across the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. This force of nature forces McCandless to abandon his vehicle and part of his luggage , which were very crucial for his survival in the wilderness. Another extreme example that can be used to show the cruelty of nature is the circumstances surrounding the tragic death of Chris McCandless. Apparently, McCandless suffers from food poisoning after eating poisonous potatoes because he was starving. His demise in the hands of nature acts as proof that nature is the least bit benevolent or nurturing. Moreover, the author of the book strives to portray nature as unpredictable. Given the technological advancements made in the field of science today, it is possible to predict certain elements of nature like weather and natural calamities like earthquakes. However, nature still has some sense of unpredictability. It is not possible to predict the specific conditions that nature will present at a certain specific time. For instance, earthquake-warning systems can only manage to provide warnings within a few seconds of a severe earthquake. Therefore, this shows that science has not adequately captured the dynamics by which nature functions. In the light of this fact, it is virtually impossible for an individual isolated from society to survive in the confines of nature if he does not understand nature itself. This lack of understanding amplifies the extent to which nature can present itself to an individual as harsh. In this book, the unpredictability of nature has been featured well by the author. In chapter one, Jim Gallien tries to convince McCandless to reconsider his plan to live in Denali National Park in Alaska. Gallien tries desperately to make McCandless understand that nature is unpredictable because in his mind he is certain that McCandles is not ready for the harsh conditions of life in Alaskan outdoors. McCandles even goes as far as declining Gallien’s offer to buy him decent gear and in the end, McCandles dies in the hands of nature because he thought he could easily predict and adapt to nature. Apparently, his body is discovered on th e sixth of September in1992 at a broken down bus in Denali National park. The police department found the body of Chris McCandless, 5 rolls of exposed film, the SOS note that he had written and a diary with 113 entries. Later an autopsy revealed that McCandless starved to death with his corpse weighing only sixty-seven pounds. Even though nature may be unpredictable, the book also uses other examples to show that man can indeed triumph over nature. A good example is the story of John Waterman, which shows how he triumphed over nature against all odds. John Waterman successfully climbs Mt. Denali in Alaska with very little gear despite being diagnosed with a mental condition that forced him to spend time in a psychiatric hospital. The isolated case of John Waterman can only be explained by speculating that he was lucky or that he was in harmony with the principles of nature. Other examples include Jack London and John Muir who were popularly known denouncers of society. It is from th ese two people that Chris McCandles drew his inspiration. Nature can indeed be tamed through scientific methodologies. This enables man to improve his relationship with nature and creates further understanding of the phenomena that nature possesses. Like all species, humans have exercised their impulse to interact with nature. In doing so, man has been able to domesticate landscapes and ecosystems in ways that enhance food supplies while at the same time reducing exposure to predators and natural disasters. The net results of the domestication of nature have been mostly positive with man finally having the ability to harness nature’s full potential. Taming of nature is indeed beneficial to humans because they can eliminate the factors in nature that they do not prefer, therefore, shaping the universe to their own liking. Although nature can be tamed, it is usually wiser to preserve with exception to adventurous exploration. The use of science to tame or domesticate nature oft en presents challenges. There are usually significant and unforeseen changes in the ecosystem’s attributes, which can lead to natural disasters. Natural disasters like earthquakes and landslides are in most cases a result of unsuccessful attempts by humans to domesticate nature. For instance, scientists often make unwise decisions while quantifying the tradeoffs among ecosystems, which cause the imbalance of nature. It is because of this reason that nature should be preserved for the purposes of distant or close exploration. It is only through close exploration that nature can be properly tamed for the benefit of man. In this book, the author uses the attempts by McCandles and others like him to explore nature as illustration that the idea is always unwise. A good example is the story of Gene Rosellini who was commonly known as the Mayor of Hippie Cove by Alaskan locals. Rosellini tried to explore the wild while independent of modern technology. She later concluded that his a ttempt to live off the land was a failure after thirty years and then committed suicide. McCandles is also a good example because his story resonates perfectly well with that of Gene Rosellini. McCandles who had been driven to the wilderness by his contempt towards the society tried to explore the wild to no avail. His entire life in the wild was marked with tragic incidences like the flash flood incident, which robbed him of his car and personal belongings. He later succumbed to death when he tried to prove that he could triumph over nature by trying to explore the harsh conditions that existed in Alaska with very little gear. In conclusion, nature remains a mystery that is beginning to unravel due to the influence of technological developments in the field of science. However, its strong forces continue to dominate man due to their ambiguity and unpredictability. The book â€Å"Into the Wild† by John Krauker has perfectly captured this fact by broadly addressing the man vs. nature conflict through real life accounts of people who had first hand experience with nature. Through the illustrations in this book, one can be able to analyze whether nature is a phenomenon that can be tamed by man. One can also be able to determine if the preservation of nature for adventure or observation has any advantages to man. Despite the answers to those questions, it is clear that the human vs. nature conflict is not over, at least not yet.

The role of inventions and discoveries in the establishment Essay Example

The role of inventions and discoveries in the establishment Essay Example The role of inventions and discoveries in the establishment Essay The role of inventions and discoveries in the establishment Essay This write up discusses the role of inventions and discoveries in the establishment of radio. However some attention would first be directed to explaining the importance and uses of radio and radio waves as a communication device before diverting focus to discuss some inventors who played significant roles in establishing radio. The discussion will as well highlight some modern developments in the radio industry. Radio continues to be accepted as one of the most indispensable medium of communication all over the world especially in efforts to break the walls of illiteracy and bring enlightenment to millions of people. It is a system of communication which employs and propagates electromagnetic waves through space. There are varying characteristics of radio waves therefore radio waves of different lengths are employed for different purposes and are usually identified by their frequency. Radio waves are used not only in radio broadcasting but are also used in two-way immunization for law enforcement, telephone transmission, wireless Internet, television, navigational systems, GAPS, and space communication. Radio enables people to send messages over long distances in the form of words, music, signals, etc. However it is commonly used for one-way communication, I. E. Broadcasting; to broadcast music, news, discussion, interviews, sports, adverts and other programmer. Aside the one-way function of radio device, its signals is also employed by scientists to monitor weather conditions in the atmosphere. The beginning of radio is traced back to the early asses. It important to indicate however that radio owes its invention to two other discoveries; the telegraph and the telephone. These two major discoveries until the invention of radio were the only means employed by people to send quick and long distance communications. It was during this era that inventors such as James Clark Maxwell, Heimlich Hertz, Gullied Marion and a host of other individuals employed various strategies to discover radio signals and radio as communication device for that matter. The contributions of these individuals would be discussed further in subsequent paragraphs. Meanwhile it is important to state that due to a number of individual contributions to radio discovery, it is becomes difficult to single out an individual as hero when talking about radio and its discovery. The development of radio is said to have revolutionaries communication considering that the two major discoveries that had existed could only reach places that were connected with wire. On the contrary, the advent of radio signals which could pass through the air, sea, sky and even space, made it possible for people to communicate quickly irrespective of wire connections. The advantage of dado signals to connect places without passing through wires made it to be referred to as wireless. The development of radio Just as any other discovery began with experiments. One of the important ideas that brought radio to exist was generated by Michael Faraday in the early asses. He experimented with electromagnets and propounded the induction theory; specifying that currents in one wire could produce Maxwell further explained the induction theory by performing series of other experiments to confirm that electromagnetic waves exist and that they could travel fast at the speed of light. He proved, mathematically, that if an electrical interruption is of short distance from the point at which it occurred, it would effect a passage of electrical current due to some sort of waves that move at the speed of light in which the electromagnetic energy travel. The confirmation of the theory prompted Heimlich Rudolf Hertz, whose name is now associated with radio transmission scales I. E. , megahertz and kilohertz, to practicality the proven theories of Faraday and Maxwell through demonstration that rapid variations of electric current could be projected into space in the form of radio waves similar to those of light and heat. Guillemot Marion an Italian inventor was next to appear on the scene in 1895. He combined earlier ideas and his own ideas and become the first inventor to send electromagnetic waves or radio signals through the air. The Marion radio equipment was first used to send signals across the Atlantic Ocean precisely from Cornwall, England to Newfoundland, Canada. The success of his innovation eventually led to the establishment of the first telegraph company in 1899. The system he discovered was called wireless telegraphy and since then the terms radio and wireless have been used interchangeably. Lee De Forest, an American inventor, also contributed to radio with his discovery of a device called vacuum tube in 1906. The device was used to detect and amplify radio signals and it has since become an important component of radio receivers. His invention in effect formed the basis for the amplification needed to make voice transmission possible via wireless. The result of Lee De Forests work was the invention of amplitude-modulated (AM) radio. Edwin Howard Armstrong is also counted as one of the individuals who contributed to improve radio. He discovered and invented frequency-modulated (FM) radio in 1933 which to improve he audio signal of radio. Radio waves, as mentioned earlier, travel at the speed of light. I. E. : three hundred thousand kilometers per second (300,km/s). However, the transmission of radio waves is in two ways: Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM). In amplitude transmission, the strength of the carrier waves is varied to match changes in the programmer signal coming form the radio station. FM transmission on the other hand is such that the carrier waves remain constant but the frequency of the wave is also varied to match the programmer signals from the radio station. The FM and the high-frequency bands (88 to 108 Much) eave since become the most preferred mode of transmission considering that it has the advantage of producing broad signals that are relatively free from noise and interference arising from sources such as thunderstorms, which is a major defect of AM signals. Nonetheless FM signals are also disadvantaged with having a limited reception range. Thus it has defined catchments area beyond which the signals cannot be received. Radio technology has grown significantly since its early development. In 1947 Bell Labs, a scientist invented the transistor and in 1954 a Japanese company called Sony introduced the first transistor radio. It is significant to mention that the first practical use of radio after its invention was mainly for ship-to- ship and ship-to-shore communication where it was used to save the lives of victims of ship disaster. Meanwhile, commercial radio broadcasting after radio was an experimental radio in a suburb of Pittsburgh in 1916. The broadcast of the U. S. Presidential election in 1920 by the station is considered the beginning of professional radio broadcasting. Other radio stations soon began operation in many other countries such as Australia, Japan, and specific reference can be made to the British Broadcasting Corporation which was established in 1922. The spread of radio and broadcasting did not come without some restrictions and regulations. The U. S. Overspent had for instance, took over control of all patents related to radio technology during the First World War but later released its control in 1919. After the government released its control of patents, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was established with the purpose of redistributing the radio patents that had been restricted during the war. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was also established in United States to ass ign frequencies to various radio stations. In addition, the FCC was tasked to issue licenses to stations and other users of transmission equipments. The commission could as well revoke the license of stations that violate broadcasting rules. In other countries such a Canada and the United Kingdom, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission and the British Broadcasting Corporation were responsible for regulating all broadcasting networks respectively. The period between asses and asses is referred to as the golden age of radio considering that it was the period when radio ad much entertainment role as television has today. It was the period where families gathered around their radios to listen to radio programmer varying from live music, variety shows, dramas, comedy, sports, and several others. However, radio in the 21st century has become more of an individual other than a family source of entertainment. This has been made possible due technological advancements which have given birth to portable radio, cell phone radio; automobile radios as well internet radio with the help of digital and satellite radio broadcasting, another recent placement in the field. As evident from the discussion it can be concluded that a series of contributions and discoveries have aid the growth of radio which has made radio a vital means of communication in todays world. References Sanford . J. The Mass Media of the German Speaking Countries, (London: Oswald Wolff, 1979) Whittier. E. J, Form, Content and Significance of Mass Communication, (California: Walworth Publication Company, Belmont, 1991) World Book Encyclopedia Volvo. 16, World Book erg, U. ST. M. Off, (Merchandisers, North Michigan,Cargo ILL:u. S. A, 2001)

5 Types of Problems with Parenthetical Punctuation

5 Types of Problems with Parenthetical Punctuation 5 Types of Problems with Parenthetical Punctuation 5 Types of Problems with Parenthetical Punctuation By Mark Nichol Introducing additional but nonessential information into a sentence complicates the reader’s task when punctuation is misused. Here are five sentences that illustrate various punctuation problems associated with creating parenthetical elements in a statement. (Note that parenthetical, here and in other posts on this site, does not refer literally to the use of the punctuation marks called parentheses; it applies to the use of any punctuation to set off any amplifying or explanatory word, phrase, or sentence, such as this phrase you are reading right now, or â€Å"here and in other posts on this site.†) 1. Nextdoor, the popular neighborhood social-networking site that people use to share neighborly news too often reflects the racial biases and prejudices of its users. When an appositive of a noun or a noun phrase- an appositive is a word or phrase equivalent in meaning to the noun- precedes or follows the noun, the description must be treated as a self-contained phrase bracketed by punctuation: â€Å"Nextdoor, the popular neighborhood social-networking site that people use to share neighborly news, too often reflects the racial biases and prejudices of its users.† 2. Six objects in the icy Kuiper Belt, or Twilight Zone at the far reaches of the solar system, appear to be influenced by an as-yet-undiscovered planet. Here, the punctuation erroneously identifies â€Å"Twilight Zone at the far reaches of the solar system† as the appositive of â€Å"Kuiper Belt,† but only â€Å"Twilight Zone† serves that function; â€Å"at the far reaches of the solar system† is merely another parenthetical phrase, which must also be set off from the rest of the sentence: â€Å"Six objects in the icy Kuiper Belt, or Twilight Zone, at the far reaches of the solar system, appear to be influenced by an as-yet-undiscovered planet.† Better yet, diminish the interruption of the alternate name of the Kuiper Belt by using actually parentheses: â€Å"Six objects in the icy Kuiper Belt (also known as the Twilight Zone), at the far reaches of the solar system, appear to be influenced by an as-yet-undiscovered planet.† (Retain both commas bracketing â€Å"at the far reaches of the solar system.†) 3. He discovered one of these six objects more than a decade ago, Sedna, a large minor planet way out there on the solar system’s frontier. This sentence’s punctuation suggests that Sedna is a parenthetical. However, the phrase following Sedna is an appositive, a type of parenthetical. To give readers a sense of relative importance, one of the two commas should be changed to another punctuation mark to erase the implication that they have the same organizational weight. The clearest solution is to use a colon in place of the first comma to set up the description of what â€Å"one of these six objects† is: â€Å"He discovered one of these six objects more than a decade ago: Sedna, a large minor planet way out there on the solar system’s frontier.† 4. Twitter’s product head Kevin Weil, media head Katie Jacobs Stanton, senior vice president of engineering Alex Roetter, and Vine head Jason Toff are all leaving the company. To associate the series of appositives in this sentence, all names should be set off with commas, but that more than doubles the number of punctuation marks, which clutters the sentence. Better yet, simply change the possessive form of the company name to its base form, so that â€Å"Twitter product head† and the subsequent equivalent titles become simple descriptive phrases, thus eliminating the need for parenthetical pairs of commas: â€Å"Twitter product head Kevin Weil, media head Katie Jacobs Stanton, senior vice president of engineering Alex Roetter, and Vine head Jason Toff are all leaving the company.† 5. Engineering- figuring out how to do something- is the motivation, while repetition- making the same type of components over and over again- slows him down. Using more than one set of dashes to bracket parenthetical comments in one sentence may confuse the reader, so use parentheses instead when two or more parallel parenthetical elements are involved: â€Å"Engineering (figuring out how to do something) is the motivation, while repetition (making the same type of components over and over again) slows him down.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Among vs. Amongst10 Terms for the Common People

Sovereignty of the State and Multinational Corporations in the Essay

Sovereignty of the State and Multinational Corporations in the Post-Second World War Western Economies - Essay Example MNCs are such that they are subject primarily to the rules of the home state and based on that submission, they are able to gain the credibility and credence to enjoy all the support and benefit the country has in the international community (Bousseba & Morgan, 2014). The Home State has the power and authority to regulate the activities of these MNCs and set up laws that can control and impact upon their affairs both locally and internationally (Scott, 2012). The Home State of an MNC also has the obligation to provide support services and assistance including a properly coordinated chamber of commerce system and all the vital diplomatic support necessary to achieve results in the foreign markets. International regulations have their roots in the 1945 United Nations Charter which gave impetus for the formal recognition of numerous multinational organisations which set up various rules and regulations governing international trade. These rules are not absolute, neither are they strictly enforced. This has given room for most multinational entities to tilt towards a trend of self-regulation (Haufler, 2013). This implies that to a large extent, most of the rules and regulations regarding what MNCs should do in the international front are moral rather than legal. Thus, there are numerous options and opportunities for these MNCs to disregard important regulations and carry out activities on their own accord. In spite of this, the international legal framework is not as non-functional as it might seem. Some authorities argue that in some specific sectors like banking, there is global coordination and international rules are highly advanced and functional (Grubel, 2009). This is due to the fact that these sectors are considered vital and there are effective international community organisations that set up rules that they apply significantly in most contexts and situations (Ruggie, 2014). However, in an overall sense, it can be stated that multinational corporations